250+ CREATIVE BLUE BIRD Names, Ideas and Tips
Introduction
As a bird owner, one of the most thrilling days of my life was bringing Daisy, a colorful Blue Budgie Parrot, into my home. This piece explores the fun topic of naming blue-colored birds, such as lovebirds, cockatoos, and parrots. Choosing hilarious names for these feathery friends enhances the already rewarding experience of bird ownership.
- Choosing the perfect name for your azure-hued avian companion is akin to a thrilling adventure.
- Contrary to popular belief, this task isn’t as simple as it may seem.
- It involves a delicate balance of creativity, consideration, and a dash of whimsy.
- The significance of selecting the right name for your winged buddy cannot be overstated.
- A well-chosen name bestows a sense of individuality upon your feathered friend.
- It helps to define its personality.
- Establishing this unique identifier is often considered a crucial step in fostering a strong bond between bird and owner.
Every blue bird deserves a name as vibrant as its feathers, a moniker that echoes its spirit and dances on the wind.
Blue Bird
The bluebirds are a species of medium-sized, primarily insectivorous or omnivorous birds of the genus Sialia of the thrush family (Turdidae) that are found in North America. One of the few thrush genera in the Americas is the bluebird.
- Bluebirds lay an average of 4 to 6 eggs per clutch.
- They will usually brood two or three times in a year.
- Bluebirds nest from March all the way through August.
- Bluebirds have blue, or blue and rose beige, plumage.
- Female birds are less brightly colored than males, although color patterns are similar and there is no noticeable difference in size.
Taxonomy and species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| Sialia currucoides | Mountain bluebird | Western North America |
| Sialia mexicana | Western bluebird | California, the southern Rocky Mountains, Arizona, and New Mexico in the United States, and as far south as the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz in Mexico |
| Sialia sialis | Eastern bluebird | East-central southern Canada to the US Gulf states, and southeastern Arizona to Nicaragua |
Tips for Naming Your Blue Bird
- Get acquainted with your blue colored bird before deciding on a name.
- Choose a name that echoes your bird’s persona and is easy to call out.
- Studying your bird’s behavior can inspire new name ideas and make the chosen name more meaningful.
Pop Culture Based Blue Bird Names
| Blue Bird Name | Origin | Urdu Name |
|---|---|---|
| Billy Cranston | Power Rangers | بلی کرینسٹن |
| Dory | Finding Nemo | ڈوری |
| Elsa | Frozen | السا |
| Genie | Aladdin | جن |
| Gonzo | The Muppet Show | گونزو |
| Iceman | DC Comics | آئسمین |
| James P. Sullivan | Monsters Inc | جیمز پی سلیون |
| Lapras | Pokemon | لاپراس |
| Levi | Brand of jeans | لیوی |
| Lo’ak | Avatar | لواک |
| Megamind | Megamind | میگامائنڈ |
| Mystique | X-Men | مستیق |
| Papa Smurf | Smurfs | پاپا اسمرف |
| Poliwhirl | Pokemon | پولی ورل |
| Smurfette | Smurfs | اسمرفیٹ |
| Sonic | Sonic the Hedgehog | سونک |
| Squirtle | Pokemon | سکویرٹل |
| Stitch | Lilo and Stitch | سٹچ |
| TARDIS | Doctor Who | تارڈس |
Best Blue Bird Names
Are you interested in knowing what names other people are giving to their bluebirds? We compiled a list of the best options. Are there any that you think would fit your little guy?
| English Name | Origin | Meaning | Urdu Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Azul | Spanish | Blue | نیلا |
| Bloo | English | Informal form of “Blue” | نیلا |
| Blu | Italian | Blue | نیلا |
| Blueberry | English | Refers to the fruit or a blue hue | نیلی بیر |
| Bluetiful | English | Blend of “Blue” and “Beautiful” | خوبصورت نیلا |
| Budgie | English | Refers to a small parrot with blue coloring | چھوٹی طوطا |
| Byrd | English | Variant of “Bird” | پرندہ |
| Cobalt | English | Refers to the metallic element with a blue hue | کوبالٹ |
| Jay | English | Refers to a bird known for its blue coloring | بیریل |
| Lapis | Latin | Refers to the deep blue semi-precious stone | لاپس |
| Peep | English | Informal term for a quick look or glance | نظر |
| Robin | English | Refers to a bird with a red breast and blue plumage | چمنی |
Female Blue Bird Names
Determining whether a bird is male or female can be difficult with certain types of birds. Regardless of the option, you can still name your new feathery companion after a flower, jewel, or other delicate blue object.
| English Name | Origin | Meaning | Urdu Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ava | Latin | Means “life” or “bird” | آوا |
| Betty | English | Diminutive of “Elizabeth,” meaning “pledged to God” | بیٹی |
| Celeste | French | Means “heavenly” or “of the sky” | سلیسٹ |
| Delphinium | Greek | Refers to a type of flower | ڈیلفینیم |
| Iris | Greek | Refers to the rainbow; also a flower name | آئرس |
| Lilith | Hebrew | Means “night monster” or “storm goddess” | لیلیث |
| Opal | Sanskrit | Refers to the gemstone opal | اوپال |
| Piper | English | Refers to someone who plays the pipe or flute | پائپر |
| Poppy | Latin | Refers to the flower poppy | پاپی |
| Skye | English | Refers to the sky or a cloudless sky | آسمانی |
| Skylar | Dutch | Means “scholar” or “learned one” | آسمانی |
| Ariel | Hebrew | Means “lion of God” | اریل |
| Starlight | English | Refers to the light emitted by stars | ستارہ روشنی |
| Willow | English | Refers to a type of tree | ویلو |
| Ivy | English | Refers to a climbing plant | ایوی |
| Nova | Latin | Means “new” or “young” | نووا |
| Iris | Greek | Refers to the rainbow; also a flower name | آئرس |
| Loona | Latin | Means “moon” or “lunar” | لونا |
| Daisy | English | Refers to the flower daisy | ڈیزی |
| Ella | German | Means “beautiful fairy” or “light” | ایلا |
| Georgette | French | Feminine form of “George,” meaning “farmer” | جورجیٹ |
| Lia | Greek | Short form of various names such as Amelia, Rosalia, or Julia | لیا |
| Kiara | Italian | Means “bright” or “clear” | کیارا |
| Garnet | English | Refers to a deep red gemstone | گارنٹ |
| Kiki | Japanese | Means “chronicler of history” | کیکی |
| Nell | English | Diminutive of “Eleanor” or “Helen” | نیل |
| Star | English | Refers to a luminous celestial object | ستارہ |
| Ash | English | Refers to the powdery residue left after burning | ایش |
| Cherub | Hebrew | Refers to an angelic being | چیروب |
| Hattie | English | Diminutive of “Harriet” or “Henrietta” | ہیٹی |
| Marie | French | Variant of “Mary,” meaning “bitter” or “beloved” | ماری |
| Jessica | Hebrew | Means “foresight” or “to behold” | جیسیکا |
| Mia | Italian | Means “mine” or “bitter” | میا |
| Tiana | Russian | Diminutive of “Tatiana,” meaning “fairy queen” | ٹیانا |
| Tiffany | Greek | Means “manifestation of God” or “revelation of God” | ٹیفنی |
| Peaches | English | Refers to the fruit peach | پیچ |
| Eve | Hebrew | Means “living” or “life” | حوا |
| Juliet | English | Diminutive of “Julia,” meaning “youthful” | جولیٹ |
| Grace | Latin | Means “grace” or “favor” | گریس |
| Mindy | English | Diminutive of “Melinda” or “Melissa,” meaning “sweet” or “honey” | مینڈی |
| Demi | French | Means “half” or “small” | ڈیمی |
| Nora | Irish | Diminutive of “Honora” or “Eleanor,” meaning “honor” | نورا |
| Ruth | Hebrew | Means “friend” or “companion” | روتھ |
Males Blue Bird Names
Do you have a little guy who is attractive? Pick one of these well-liked names for male birds.
| English Name | Origin | Meaning | Urdu Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Banjo | African | Refers to a musical instrument | بانجو |
| Benny | Hebrew | Short form of “Benjamin,” meaning “son of the right hand” | بینی |
| Chester | Latin | Means “fortress” or “camp” | چیسٹر |
| Clive | Old English | Means “cliff” or “slope” | کلائیو |
| Dali | Spanish | Refers to someone from the town of Dali | ڈالی |
| Drake | Old English | Refers to a male duck or a dragon | ڈریک |
| Hawk | Old English | Refers to a bird of prey | باز |
| Rio | Spanish | Means “river” or “stream” | ریو |
| Rocky | English | Refers to someone who lives near a rocky area | راکی |
| Screech | English | Refers to a high-pitched sound | اسکریچ |
| Slate | Old French | Refers to a fine-grained rock | سلیٹ |
| Sterling | English | Means “little star” or “genuine” | اسٹرلنگ |
| Barney | English | Diminutive of “Barnabas,” meaning “son of comfort” | بارنی |
| Castor | Greek | Means “beaver” or “one who excels” | کیسٹر |
| Echo | Greek | Refers to a nymph in Greek mythology | ایکو |
| Coco | Spanish | Refers to the coconut palm or its fruit | کوکو |
| Fernando | Spanish | Means “brave traveler” or “ardent for peace” | فرنانڈو |
| Greyson | English | Means “son of the grey-haired one” | گریسن |
| Harry | English | Diminutive of “Henry” or “Harold,” meaning “ruler of the household” | ہیری |
| Taz | American | Short form of “Tasmanian Devil,” a cartoon character | تاز |
| Rusty | English | Refers to someone with reddish-brown hair or complexion | رسٹی |
| Sooty | English | Refers to something covered in soot or dirt | سوٹی |
| Toby | English | Diminutive of “Tobias,” meaning “God is good” | ٹوبی |
| Vincent | Latin | Means “conquering” or “victorious” | ونسنٹ |
| Orville | French | Means “golden city” or “gold town” | اورول |
| Ross | Scottish | Means “promontory” or “headland” | راس |
| Oscar | English | Means “God spear” or “champion warrior” | اوسکار |
| Roco | Spanish | Short form of “Rocío,” meaning “dew” | روکو |
| Monty | Latin | Diminutive of “Montgomery,” meaning “mountain of the hunter” | منٹی |
| Lester | English | Means “from Leicester” or “castle” | لیسٹر |
| Merlin | Welsh | Means “sea fortress” or “sea hill” | میرلن |
| Kirby | English | Means “church settlement” | کربی |
| Jack | English | Diminutive of “John,” meaning “God is gracious” | جیک |
| Blueson | English | Refers to someone with a musical inclination | بلوسن |
| Frank | Germanic | Means “free” or “honest” | فرانک |
| Charlie | English | Diminutive of “Charles,” meaning “free man” | چارلی |
| Buddy | English | Informal term for a close friend or companion | بڈی |
| Olive | English | Refers to the olive tree or its fruit | زیتون |
| Dave | Hebrew | Short form of “David,” meaning “beloved” | ڈیو |
| Ringo | Japanese | Means “apple” or “apple tree” | رنگو |
| Scooty | English | Informal term for a scooter or motorbike | اسکوٹی |
| Tyson | English | Means “firebrand” or “son of Denis” | ٹائیسن |
Colored Based Names
There are many different colors of blue, and some of them have quite lovely names. You can select from a selection of our top picks. Choose the name that sounds the best, or the color that most closely matches the tint of feathers on your bird.
| English Name | Origin | Meaning | Urdu Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Azure | Persian | Refers to a bright blue color | آزر |
| Cyan | Greek | Refers to a greenish-blue color | سائن |
| Denim | French | Refers to a sturdy cotton twill fabric, typically blue | ڈینم |
| Indigo | Greek | Refers to a deep blue dye derived from the indigo plant | انڈیگو |
| Kyanite | Greek | Refers to a blue silicate mineral | کائنائٹ |
| Midnight | Old English | Refers to the middle of the night | منیگٹ |
| Navy | Old French | Refers to a dark blue color and the navy branch of the armed forces | نیوی |
| Periwinkle | Middle English | Refers to a pale blue color and a type of flower | پیریوینکل |
| Royal | Old French | Refers to something related to a king or queen | رائل |
| Sapphire | Greek | Refers to a precious gemstone typically blue in color | سیفایر |
| Teal | Old English | Refers to a dark greenish-blue color | ٹیل |
Quick Names
Birds are constantly displaying their cheerful and carefree personalities. They never stop moving to make us notice how silly they are. Their vivacious nature necessitates choosing a name that both clarifies and enhances their actual selves!
There are many alternatives available, ranging from unique tags to famous personality impersonations. Here are some unusual and hilarious names for blue birds that will instantly make you laugh!
| English Name | Origin | Meaning | Urdu Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pikachu | Japanese | Fictional character name from Pokémon series | پیکاچو |
| Shrek | Fictional | Name of a character from the Shrek franchise | شریک |
| Button | English | Refers to a small fastener | بٹن |
| Spock | Fictional | Name of a character from Star Trek series | اسپاک |
| Uncle Frank | English | Informal term for an uncle named Frank | انکل فرینک |
| Billy | English | Diminutive of “William” or “Bill” | بلی |
| Meryl Cheep | English | Play on words, possibly referencing someone named Meryl and the sound a bird makes | میرل چیپ |
| Hooty | English | Informal term for someone who hoots or laughs loudly | ہوٹی |
| Yakky | English | Play on words, possibly referencing the sound a duck makes | یکی |
| Bougie | French | Informal term for bourgeoisie, often used to describe someone as pretentious | بوجی |
| Pipsqueak | English | Informal term for someone small and insignificant | پپسکیک |
| Hubba-Bubba | English | Brand name of a type of chewing gum | ہبہ ببہ |
| Joey | English | Diminutive of “Joseph” or “Joe” | جوئی |
| Kanye | African | Refers to someone named Kanye | کانیے |
| Chick Jagger | English | Play on words, possibly referencing a chick and the musician Mick Jagger | چک جیگر |
| J Lo | American | Nickname for the singer and actress Jennifer Lopez | جے لو |
| Hobnob | English | Informal term for socializing or mixing casually with others | ہابناب |
| Mr. Bean | Fictional | Name of a character portrayed by Rowan Atkinson | مسٹر بین |
| Crackers | English | Informal term for someone eccentric or crazy | کریکرز |
| Hugsy | Fictional | Name of a stuffed penguin from the TV show “Friends” | ہگسی |
| Penny | English | Diminutive of “Penelope” | پینی |
| Giggsy | English | Nickname for the footballer Ryan Giggs | گگزی |
| Poopy | English | Informal term for something unpleasant or of poor quality | پوپی |
| Dikkie | Dutch | Diminutive of “Richard” or “Dick” | ڈکی |
| Pika-boo | Fictional | Play on words, combining “Pikachu” and “peek-a-boo” | پیکا-بو |
| Teepee | Native American | Refers to a type of tent used by indigenous peoples | ٹیپی |
| Alfie | English | Diminutive of “Alfred” or “Alphonse” | الفی |
| Nibbles | English | Refers to small bites or snacks | نبلز |
| Yoda | Fictional | Name of a character from the Star Wars franchise | یودا |
| Piggy | English | Informal term for a pig or someone who eats a lot | پگی |
| Pebble | English | Small stone or rock | پیبل |
Punny Names
Do you or your avian companion possess an oddball sense of humor? In that instance, a name that uses puns or wordplay might catch your attention. And no, it’s not too good to be blue on this list.
| English Name | Origin | Meaning | Urdu Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Carey | English | Refers to Drew Carey, an American actor and comedian known for his blue-collar humor | بلو کیری |
| Blue Thang | English | Play on words, possibly referencing a significant other or close companion | بلو ٹھنگ |
| Bluemerang | English | Play on words, combining “blue” and “boomerang” | بلومیرینگ |
| Goody Blue Shoes | English | Play on words, referencing someone who is overly virtuous or prudish | گڈی بلو شوز |
| J.Blue | English | Refers to J.Crew, an American clothing retailer | جے بلو |
| Motley Blue | English | Play on words, referencing Motley Crue, an American rock band | موٹلی بلو |
| Mountain Blue | English | Play on words, possibly referencing Mountain Dew, a soft drink | ماؤنٹین بلو |
| Nancy Blue | English | Refers to Nancy Drew, a fictional character in a mystery series | نینسی بلو |
Food Inspired Names
You may really love naming your favorite pet bird after cuisine if you are an avid foodie! There are lots of entertaining options to choose from, such Peach and Pepper. We’ve provided you with a list of a few:
| English Name | Origin | Meaning | Urdu Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Muffin | English | Refers to a small, sweet cake | مافن |
| Peanut | Native American | Refers to the edible seed of a legume | مونگ پھلی |
| Sugar | English | Refers to a sweet crystalline substance | شکر |
| Taco | Mexican | Refers to a Mexican dish consisting of a folded tortilla filled with various ingredients | ٹاکو |
| Nugget | English | Refers to a small, solid piece of food | نگٹ |
| Crispy | English | Refers to a texture that is crunchy or brittle | کرسپی |
| Plum | English | Refers to a fruit with juicy flesh and a smooth, deeply colored skin | آلو بخارا |
| Cocktail | English | Refers to a mixed drink typically consisting of alcohol and various ingredients | کاکٹیل |
| Coconut | Portuguese | Refers to the fruit of the coconut palm | ناریل |
Popular Names
Owners of birds take great pride in the names they choose. You can give your pet names derived from some of the most well-known objects and figures in the world, including food items, movie characters, and celebrities!
| English Name | Origin | Meaning | Urdu Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scuttle | The Little Mermaid (Disney) | Named after a seagull character in the movie | اسکٹل |
| Hedwig | Harry Potter Series (JK Rowling) | Named after Harry’s snowy owl | ہیڈوگ |
| Donald | Walt Disney | Quintessential bird character created by Disney | ڈونلڈ |
| Zazu | The Lion King (Disney) | Named after a red-billed hornbill character | زازو |
| Tweety | Warner Bros. | Iconic bird character from Warner Bros. | ٹویٹی |
| Kevin | Up (Disney/Pixar) | Named after a gigantic South American waterfowl | کیون |
| Blu | Rio (Movie) | Domesticated bird from the Rio franchise | بلو |
| Louie | Disney | Donald Duck’s nephew | لوئی |
| Dewey Duck | DuckTales (Disney) | Major character from DuckTales | دیوی ڈک |
| Iago | Aladdin (Disney) | Scarlet macaw, secondary antagonist in Aladdin | آیگو |
| Daisy Duck | Disney | Donald Duck’s girlfriend | ڈیزی ڈک |
| McQuack | DuckTales (Disney) | Duck pilot from DuckTales | مکوآک |
| Flit | Pocahontas (Disney) | Eccentric hummingbird character in Pocahontas | فلٹ |
| Diablo | Sleeping Beauty (Disney) | Maleficent’s pet raven | دیابلو |
| Ludwig Von Drake | Disney | Anthropomorphic duck character by Walt Disney | لودویگ ون ڈریک |
| Sheldon | Garfield and Friends | Chick egg character in Garfield and Friends | شیلڈن |
| Dodo | Alice In Wonderland (Carroll) | Fictional character from Alice In Wonderland | ڈوڈو |
| Drake Mallard | Disney | Alter ego of St. Canard in Disney | ڈریک میلارڈ |
| Heckle | Heckle and Jeckle (Terrytoons) | Black-feathered magpie character in cartoons | ہیکل |
| Thundra | Aladdin (Disney) | Named after a phoenix in Aladdin | تھنڈرا |
| Plucky | Tiny Toon Adventures | From the series Tiny Toon Adventures | پلکی |
| Henry | Enola Holmes | A sensation character from Enola Holmes | ہنری |
| Pingu | Pingu (TV Series) | Clumsy baby penguin from Pingu | پنگو |
| Louis | The Trumpet of the Swan | Protagonist in The Trumpet of the Swan | لوئیس |
| Beaky Buzzard | Looney Tunes: Back in Action | Character in the animated cartoon series | بیکی بزارڈ |
| Waddlesworth | 102 Dalmatians (Disney) | A parrot character in 102 Dalmatians | ویڈلزورتھ |
| Bertie | Tuca and Bertie | Famous cartoon character from Tuca and Bertie | برٹی |
| Tuca | Tuca and Bertie | Another character from the show Tuca and Bertie | ٹوکا |
| Radon | Rodan | Mighty flying reptile from Rodan | ریڈون |
| Shirley McLoon | Tiny Toon Adventures | Female waterfowl character from Tiny Toon Adventures | شرلی میکلون |
| Dinky | Terrytoons | Popular cartoon character from Terrytoons | ڈنکی |
| Roly-Poly | Roald Dahl’s books | Character from Roald Dahl’s books | رولی-پولی |
| Looney Bird | Billy Bob’s sidekick | Infamous sidekick character from Billy Bob’s | لونی برڈ |
| Melissa | Baby Looney Tunes Show | A character from the Baby Looney Tunes Show | میلیسا |
| Jonathan | Jonathan Livingston Seagull | Named after Richard Bach’s character in the book | جونتھن |
| Isabeau | Ladyhawke | Red-tailed hawk character from Ladyhawke | ایزابیو |
| Max | Elizabeth Taylor’s Yellow-nape Amazon | Named after Elizabeth Taylor’s pet | میکس |
| Paulie | Paulie | Disobedient parrot character in a movie | پالی |
| Margalo | Stuart Little | Character from the Stuart Little movie | مارگلو |
| Kes | Kes (Film) | Pet falcon character from the movie Kes | کیس |
| Dahl | Neighbours (TV Series) | Household pet character in Neighbours | ڈال |
| Polly | Martha Washington’s pet | Named after Martha Washington’s pet parrot | پالی |
| Bluebell | John F. Kennedy’s pet | One of John F. Kennedy’s pair of parakeets | بلو بیل |
As a Symbol in Songs
- Bluebird of Happiness
- Composed in 1934 by Sandor Harmati, with words by Edward Heyman and additional lyrics by Harry Parr-Davies.
- (There’ll Be Bluebirds Over) The White Cliffs of Dover
- written in 1941 by Walter Kent to lyrics by Nat Burton that expressed optimism for the end of World War II. It had not occurred to Burton that the bluebird was not native to England. Through her performances for the military, Vera Lynn helped to popularize the song.
- Bluebird
- a Stephen Stills composition that the rock group Buffalo Springfield recorded in 1967. The lyrics read, “There she perches at perch, high. Blue is the strangest color.
- Voices in the Sky
- A track from The Moody Blues’ 1968 album In Search of the Lost Chord, a British rock group. In this song, Bluebird is described as a muse.
- Birdhouse in Your Soul
- The lyrics of the band They Might Be Giants’ 1989 song “Ode to a Nightlight” include mention to a “blue canary” and a “bluebird of friendliness.”
- Birds
- Charles Bukowski’s poem “Bluebird” is believed to be referenced by the song’s title bluebird, which is taken from Death Grips’ 2013 album Government Plates. In the poem, bluebirds are symbolic of the vulnerability that Bukowski experienced as a child due to abuse at the hands of his father.
- Bluebird
- The title of Miranda Lambert’s album Wildcard’s late-2019 country chart-topping single. Lambert, who co-wrote the song, has stated that it alludes to the optimism and hope that bluebirds are known for. A mountain bluebird appears in the song’s music video.
Summary
It’s important to choose a name for your captivating blue bird, and this article can assist. It highlights how crucial it is to give your bird a name that complements its color and strengthens the link between it and its owner. It also says that, in order to prevent confusion, you should not change a bird’s name if it already knows it. Enjoy naming your cherished pet by selecting a name you adore!
FAQs
1. Why are blue bird names important?
- The identity of a blue bird and the relationship between it and its owner are both shaped by its name.
2. How do I choose the perfect blue bird name?
- Think about the appearance, mannerisms, and disposition of the bird. Take ideas from literature, mythology, the natural world, or your own tastes.
3. Can I change my blue bird’s name?
- Although it is feasible, it is usually not advised since renaming a bird might lead to misunderstandings and sever the bird’s relationship with its owner.
4. What if my blue bird doesn’t respond to its name?
- Assist the bird in learning to associate its name with affection or incentives by using positive reinforcement strategies.
5. Are there cultural or symbolic meanings associated with blue bird names?
- Indeed, depending on their cultural or personal importance, blue bird names may represent freedom, happiness, or spirituality.
6. Can I choose a unique or unconventional name for my blue bird?
- Yes, provided that it is straightforward for the bird to identify and react to, and that it does not resemble standard directives or emergency signals.
7. How can I ensure my blue bird’s safety while naming it?
- Put safety first by choosing a name that is simple to pronounce and has links with good things, such as being a kind and nurturing atmosphere.
